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A medical contrast medium (or contrast agent) is a substance used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging.

It is commonly used to enhance the visibility of blood vessels.

On CT and MR we look for tissue characteristics like calcifications, fat, cystic components, contrast enhancement and signal intensity on T1WI, T2 weighted image and DWI.

The amount of perfusion shows a better correlation with the grade of malignancy of a tumor than the amount of contrast enhancement.

Contrast will not leak into the brain unless this barrier is damaged. Enhancement is seen when a CNS tumor destroys the BBB.

Contrast enhancement cannot visualize the full extent of a tumor in cases of infiltrating tumors, like gliomas. The reason for this is that tumor cells blend with the normal brain parenchyma where the blood brain barrier is still intact. Tumor cells can be found beyond the enhancing margins of the tumor and beyond any MR signal alteration - even beyond the area of edema.

The amount of enhancement depends on the amount of contrast that is delivered to the interstitium. In general, the longer we wait, the better the interstitial enhancement will be. The optimal timing is about 30 minutes and it is better to give contrast at the start of the examination and to do the enhanced T1WI at the end.

Several types of contrast media are in use in medical imaging and they can roughly be classified based on the imaging modalities where they are used. Although other types exist, most common contrast agents work based on X-ray attenuation and magnetic resonance signal enhancement.

Gadobenic acid

Iodinated contrast medium

Iodinated contrast media is a contrast media containing iodine that is used in radiography to increase the clarity of the image.

In non-ionic iodinated contrast media the iodine is bound to an organic (non-ionic) compound and has a low osmolality.

While modern contrast media are generally safe to use, medical conditions can be caused by the administration of various contrast media. Reactions can range from minor to severe, sometimes resulting in death with death being about 0.9 per 100,000 cases. To better understand the reactions and to efficiently manage patients at risk, it is useful to classify them.

Risk factors for developing severe reactions include strong allergies, bronchial asthma, cardiac disease and beta-blocker use.

While the previously suspected IL-2 medication is no risk for the acquisition of adverse events.