The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

Gliomas develop within a mechanically challenged microenvironment that is characterized by a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that compromises vascular integrity to induce hypoxia and activate HIF1A.

Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.