Renal cell carcinoma

Subtypes of RCC: There are several subtypes of RCC, including clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, chromophobe carcinoma, and collecting duct carcinoma. Clear cell carcinoma is the most common subtype, accounting for approximately 70-80% of RCC cases.

Risk Factors: Risk factors for kidney cancer include smoking, obesity, hypertension, certain genetic conditions (such as von Hippel-Lindau disease), and exposure to certain chemicals or medications.

Symptoms: In the early stages, kidney cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the tumor grows, symptoms may include blood in the urine (hematuria), lower back pain or flank pain, a lump in the abdomen, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and fever.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of kidney cancer typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds to visualize the kidneys and detect any abnormalities. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis by examining a sample of tissue under a microscope.

Treatment: Treatment options for kidney cancer may include surgery to remove the tumor (partial or radical nephrectomy), targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and in some cases, chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the presence of any metastases.

Prognosis: The prognosis for kidney cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, the subtype of RCC, the patient's age and overall health, and the response to treatment. Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes.

• Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Related to Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
• Oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing IL-2 controls glioblastoma growth and improves survival
• Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies BCLAF1 as a Potential Biomarker for Renal Cell Carcinoma
• Long-term outcome of surgically treated and conservatively managed Rathke cleft cysts
• Preoperative embolisation of renal cell carcinoma metastases to the spine - evaluation of procedural and clinical outcome
• Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Nationwide Analysis
• Identification of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature for predicting the prognosis in patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
• Palliative Treatment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Renal Cell Carcinoma With Local CyberKnife Radiotherapy and Systemic Pazopanib Therapy: A Case Report

see Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently metastasizes to the spine, and the prognosis can be quite variable.

Surgical removal of the tumor with spinal reconstruction has been a mainstay of palliative treatment.

The ability to predict prognosis is valuable when determining the role and magnitude of surgical intervention in cancer patients.

Tatsui et al., identified several factors influencing survival after spine surgery for metastatic spinal RCC, including grade of the original nephrectomy specimen, activity of the systemic disease, and neurological status at the time of surgery. These clinical features may help to identify patients who may benefit from aggressive surgical intervention ¹⁾.

Spinal nerve root metastasis of renal cell carcinoma is a rare occurrence. In addition to treatment of the primary lesion, surgical resection of the nerve root metastasis, occasionally with sacrifice of the involved nerve, is the accepted standard of treatment. Resection often resolves presenting motor and pain symptoms due to relief of neural compression.